Postoperative pain management relies on multimodal analgesia—combining NSAIDs (e.g., celecoxib), acetaminophen, and gabapentinoids—to reduce opioid dependence by 40-60%. Regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks, epidurals) enhance recovery in orthopedic, thoracic, and abdominal surgeries. Opioid stewardship follows CDC guidelines, limiting prescriptions to ≤3 days for most procedures and using risk tools (ORT, STB-OST). ERAS protocols integrate preemptive analgesia, scheduled NSAIDs, and early mobilization. Non-pharmacologic methods like cryotherapy and VR lower pain scores by 1.5–2 points. Discharge plans include naloxone kits and telehealth follow-ups. Optimized strategies cut chronic pain risk by 67% (2024 ASRA data) and align with JCAHO standards for safe pain control.